Themes Of Escape, Addiction, And Sexuality - 993 Words

The themes of escape, addiction, and sexuality in The Basketball Dairies are all intertwined. Jin Carroll first use of drugs was recreational. It was something to do to past the time and to be able to fit in with his friends. In fact, he was so immature and naà ¯ve about drugs that he thought marijuana was addictive and heroine was not. It did not take long for his addiction to manifest. Jim Carroll grew up in a difficult time of political and social upheaving. During the 1960’s, the Unites States at war with Vietnam, Russia (The Cold War), and also faced a nuclear threat from Cuba (The Cuban Missile Crisis). Civil unrest, disobedience, increased racial tension and riots also proceeded this era. Young Jim Carroll felt powerless and hopeless in his environment and resorted to drugs to escape his catastrophic reality. Jim stated, â€Å"You don’t feel guilty about not fighting a war or carrying signs to protest it either. We’ve just mastered the life of doing noth ing, which when you think about it, may be the hardest thing of all to do† (Carroll pg. 128). Jim Carroll was internally wounded by the plague of war. He lived in a world of constant state of terror. To be able to adjust and cope with this reality drugs were his only choice. I believe that if he attempted to handle all of his problems without the use of drugs, the talented artist that he grew to become would have been extinguished. Addiction, allowed Jim to maintain life on a daily basis. In the winter of 1966, Jim pennedShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Poem Sonny s Blues 1580 Words   |  7 PagesLiterature 150 2 May 2016 To Escape or to Remain? ​ ​According to the Merriam Webster Dictionary, imprisonment is the act of confining or the state of being confined. In the short shorties and poem, â€Å"Sonny’s Blues, â€Å"Apollo† and #280, the authors Baldwin, Adichie and Dickinson illustrate how one’s actions and relationships can lead to a deeper sense of self imprisonment portrayed in each of their characters. This paper will go into depth about whether these characters can escape from this figurative selfRead MoreAmerica s War On Sex : The Continuing Attack On Law, Lust, And Liberty1722 Words   |  7 PagesKlein is a book that impacts on the sexual intellect of an individual. He is an American public policy analysts, author, educator, and sex therapist (Klein 6). Consequently, Klein is decisive of bowdlerization concerning the concepts of porn addiction, sex addiction, and anti-pornography movement. The book depicts how governments and religious right incorporates the regulation of information, h ealth care, sexual expression, and entertainment to undermine the secular democracy of the society. AccordingRead More Comparing Poe and Whittman Essay1619 Words   |  7 Pagesfeelings and real problems that we encounter and relate to our everyday lives†¦thought-provoking discussions about religion, philosophy, or politics. These pioneering authors are not afraid to write about evil, the perverse aspects of man, or even sexuality†¦Ã‚   Their true voices have risen from behind the words taking shape in the minds of the readers. Few have done this, but in the 19th Century two remarkable Americans produced compositions of unequal quality. Their styles and the way they approach theRead MoreEssay on Angels in America1621 Words   |  7 PagesWithin modern society when a character strays away from what society depicts as morally right, the individual is frowned upon as if he or she doesnt belong. In â€Å"Angels in America† a gay fantasia on National themes, character s struggle to be themselves upon fear of whether or not society will accept them as an individual. The characters not only struggles with whether or not society will accept them, but they also struggle with their inner demons, and ultimately the question of what is truly goodRead MoreConfessional Poetry Essay1640 Words   |  7 PagesConfessional poetry is a style that emerged in the late 1950’s. Poetry of this type tends to be very personal and emotional. Many confessional poets dealt with subject matter that had previously been taboo. Death, trauma, mental illness, sexuality, and numerous other topics flowed through the works of the poetry from this movement. Confessional poetry was not purely autobiographical, but did often express deeply disturbing personal experience. (Academy of American Poets) Three importantRead MoreMEDIA VIOLENCE Essay1374 Words   |  6 PagesThere’s no escaping it! We can’t run or hide from it because no matter where we go it’ll find us. We’re trapped! And the worst part of this scenario is that we’re addicted to it. Violence is everywhere and we all have an addiction for it. We’re exposed to it in everyday and we love to watch violence on television. There are many different representations of violence evident in movies and Television. Media violence can best be described in the words of Gerbner and Signorelli: â€Å"Most research studiesRead MoreThe Goblin Market y Chrsitia ¡na Rossetti: Forbidden Fruit Essays2217 Words   |  9 Pagesand paying with her body. â€Å"Buy from us with a golden curl. She clipp’d a precious golden lock ... Then suck’d their fruit globes fair or red. ( Rossetti 125-128) Laura has never tasted anything like that before and soon she wants more, like an addi ction. Her craving for the fruit becomes like that of an addict, her inability to be satisfied causing her to be completely debilitated. She becomes listless (297), and unable to work because her hope of again eating the fruit is destroyed.(MPhillRead MoreFrom The Plains And The City1851 Words   |  8 Pagescharacters, she quietly restores the house to suitable living standards with less clutter and wholesome meals. Barbara, on the other hand, is more intrusive in attempting to restore order within the family by detoxifying her mother, Violet, from her drug addiction. Without Johnna and Barbara, the Weston house would fall further into despair. Nonetheless, the confined space of the set captures the essence of a dysfunctional family with verbally abusive tendencies that seeps down from generation to generationRead MoreEmily Bronte s Wuthering Heights1693 Words   |  7 PagesHeathcliff escapes from Wuthering Heights and for the next three years, has no contact with anyone. Hindle y’s life turns upside-down when his wife dies and he turns to alcohol and gambling to help dull his aching heart. Heathcliff now returns to the area with the thirst to get complete revenge on all who has done him wrong, beginning with his jealous alcoholic brother, Hindley. To start off his master plan, Heathcliff lends his brother money to â€Å"encourage† him with his gambling and alcohol addictions. HindleyRead MoreImpact of Online Gaming on the Students4412 Words   |  18 Pagesthe good and bad. It depends on the player itself. Studies show that online gaming is a major source of addiction, especially to college students. Because of its ability to link multi-players together, most students become hooked on it. They keep on playing and playing because it gives them thrill until it becomes an addiction. This research study shows how online gaming can be an addiction and its possible effects on the students. Background of the study For most gamers, the era of online

Teaching Project . Part 1 Assessing Health Education Needs

Teaching Project Part 1: Assessing Health Education Needs This teaching project will focus on educating those in the downtown Covington area and help identify individuals with hypertension. A poster board will be displayed at the Madison Avenue Christian church while those from the community come in for a meal. This poster board will be used as a reference to help educate clients about hypertension. Clients will be educated on what hypertension means, what it is, what is considered a normal blood pressure reading, how to control high blood pressure, who is at risk, what high blood pressure can do if left untreated and medications that can possibly increase blood pressure. We also offer two handouts that can be used as†¦show more content†¦According to our instructor Teresa Huber, this population struggles with drug addiction, smoking and have little to no access to healthy food and healthcare. By educating this population, individuals will become more aware of the risk factors associated wit h high blood pressure and the importance of getting their blood pressure readings done regularly. With this knowledge, clients will be able to prevent hypertension and/or other complications associated with high blood pressure such as stroke. By making resources readily available with handouts and referrals this will help better educate clients on where to go when blood pressure readings become abnormal. The dimensions model of community health nursing determines the factors involved in educating this population. The dimension model of community health nursing includes six categories including biophysical dimension, the psychological dimension, the physical environmental dimension, the sociocultural dimension, the behavioral dimension, and the health system dimension (Clark, 2008). These categories help to identify the needs of the population and how to better educate the population based on the communities’ available resources and needs in regards to hypertension management . The first dimension is psychological which include both internal and external factors. The most common physical health problems seen in this community includeShow MoreRelatedImplementation Plan For Nurses With Quality Control Manager964 Words   |  4 PagesImplementation Plan The education department in conjunction, with Quality Control Manager, and the charge nurses will play a major role in reassessing nurses’ assignment concerning patient-nurse ratio. The proposal will enable RN in the Medical-Surgical department to have 1:5 patient ratios. ICU nurses must continue with the 1:2 ratio. Another major area that will benefit from this change is patient safety in regards to medication administration, charting, patient teaching, discharges and infectionRead MoreEvaluating Cataract Patients Pre Op Education1192 Words   |  5 PagesEvaluating Cataract Patient’s Pre-Op Education A significant element in nursing is the need to convey information and educate the patient to facilitate achievement of an optimal health status. This teaching informs the patient and allows them to participate in their own care. Knowledge empowers the patient so they can incorporate it into their lives. Education directs the patient to resources, support and may enhance the patient’s coping skills. Information is a dynamic tool that, if utilizedRead MoreImportance Of Information Need In Graduate Clinical Education1460 Words   |  6 PagesInformation Need in the Graduate Clinical Education My scholarly project is focus on improving graduate clinical education. The UW Madison SON in partnership with the UW Health will be offering a half day training for graduate clinical preceptors. This is a quality improvement project, which aims to improve clinical placements for DNP students and help create competent and confident preceptors. In my first blog, I mentioned that there is a lack of data since this is a pilot project and there is notRead MoreJustification of a Scheme of Work Essay1589 Words   |  7 PagesPractical Teaching 2008 p68) The selection and sequencing of topics reflect on the 6218 curriculum set by the awarding body, the curriculum is a Basic Construction Skills course built around various practical tasks for which there are unit credits attached to obtain the qualification. I first begin with easier tasks leading up to more advanced tasks as the course progresses. This theory is reflected in Blooms Taxonomy which is a classification of learning objectives within education(Appendix 1) forRead MoreCommunity Nursing 405 Windshield Survey Essay example995 Words   |  4 Pagesthey have chosen to walk away from their homes leaving many in the area to go into foreclosure. Foreclosure and crime are two of the biggest element of change that I have noticed in my neighborhood, and many of these problems arise from the economy, health and illness, and familial structure breakdown. This has caused a change in the way the homes in the area appear. Currently, many of the homes have lost their curb appeal. At one time this neighborhood had beautiful maintained lawns, manyRead MoreNursing Research1183 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican Nursing Journal begins publication | 1923 Columbia University establishes first doctoral program for nurses | Goldmark Report with recommendations for nursing education published | 1930s American Journal of Nursing publishes clinical cases studies | 1948 Brown publishes report on inadequacies of nursing education | 1952 The journal Nursing Research begins publication | 1955 Establishment of nursing research center at Walter Reed Army Institue of Research | 1963 InternationalRead MoreObjectives Of A Curriculum Plan Essay1734 Words   |  7 Pages(PLAR) : ASSIGNMENTS AND GROUPWORK ORIGINATED BY : REVISED BY : DATE : LEARNING OUTCOME: Upon successful completion of this course, the student should be able to, 1. Communicate precisely, succinctly and clearly in the oral and verbal form which fulfil the purpose and meets the needs of the audience 2. Proper and efficient response to oral or verbal visual messages in a manner which ensures effective communication. 3. Capability to understand the actual motivations andRead MoreMy Career Path And Career Essay1228 Words   |  5 PagesO*Net Interest Profiler The question â€Å"What do you want to be when you grow up?† meant so many things throughout middle childhood, adolescence, and was even relevant in adulthood. My interests varied from law, to education, and even construction for a period. It took most of my lifetime and lived experiences, up until very recently, to actually figure out, make a decision, and follow through, with my true occupational goals. This paper will examine my current career path and goals. It will investigateRead MoreMentorship in Nursing4737 Words   |  19 Pagesmidwife or specialist community public health nurse who facilitates learning and supervises and assesses students in a practice setting†, (Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) 2005). The essay will explore the role of the mentor in the field of nursing, with personal reflection on the authors experience as a mentor in my current role as a community mental health nurse (CMHN). The mentor-mentee learning relationship will be explored and the application of teaching and learning strategies will be examinedRead MorePtlls Theory Assignment 11600 Words   |  7 PagesPTLLS Theory Assignment 1 Review your role, responsibilities and boundaries as a teacher in terms of the teaching/ training cycle. Teaching is an extremely important profession as we are responsible for training up the future generations of our community, country and in effect, the world. In order to be a successful and effective teacher there are some basic skills and competencies that one must possess. The experiences that students have inside (and outside) our classrooms, schools and various

Judaism and Collaboration Assessment Guide Free Essays

Collaboration Assessment Guide Please complete this guide and submit it with your evidence to the collaboration assessment. Part One: Team Evaluation Rate your team according to each of the performance criteria below. Consider the work of all members, including you. We will write a custom essay sample on Judaism and Collaboration Assessment Guide or any similar topic only for you Order Now Use the comment area to explain your rating. 3=Always Rating for You: 2=Usually 1 -?Sometimes 0=Never Criteria: Rating for the Team: Comments: Listened to others 3 They listened to what everyone had to say Showed respect for others’ opinions Even if one of us did not like an opinion, we still respected it Completed assigned duties We all completed the assigned parts Participated in discussions We had great discussions Attended meetings on time We were all on time Stayed on task We didn’t get off task Completed high-quality work 2 I did research Completed work on time We completed it on the date we agreed on Part Two: Reflection Respond to the following questions with two to three sentences each. What collaboration task did your group complete? The collaboration task that my group completed was the â€Å"stolen girls† and the Jews in concentration camps. They have a few similarities such as, racism and they are both being prejudice. Describe your specific contribution to the group’s final product. The specific contribution to our final product was comparing the stolen girl and Jews in concentration camps. We finished it within a reasonable amount of time. What did you enjoy most about working with others on this lesson/task? Explain. What I enjoyed most about working with others on this task was the team work we put into the project. Also, how we all got along and it all worked out smoothly. How did your team deal with conflict? Explain. We did not have any conflicts while we worked on our project. We had a god time working together. Do you feel others were happy with your participation in the lesson/task? Explain. I do indeed feel like others were happy with my participation on the project. In my opinion, I did all I had to do to be a great worker. What will you do differently, if anything, in your next online collaboration opportunity? How to cite Judaism and Collaboration Assessment Guide, Papers

Information and Communication Technology Development free essay sample

The continuity of any technological innovation is dependent on its sustenance by the upcoming generation and this automatically puts the youths under the spotlight when it comes to maximizing the development opportunities opened up by ICT, particularly for developing nations. The looming digital divide and a widening of the economic gap between developed and developing nations will definitely evolve if the opportunities created by ICT are not maximized by the developing nations and it is obvious tat the youths have a role to play in this venture. The present curriculum in Nigerian Universities (for example), which has since gone out of phase with global trends, is subject to review. This leaves the youths with the challenge of self-improvement beyond the formal academic system. A shift from the certificate-oriented system to a certification and knowledge-based system must be encouraged to avoid the introduction of half-baked graduates within the national productivity cycle. A re-orientation and paradigm shift is necessary in developing nations, where the technology importation mindset is prevalent. We will write a custom essay sample on Information and Communication Technology Development or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Are Nuclear Weapons Strategically Obsolete Essay Sample free essay sample

The on-going argument of whether or non atomic arms are disused or non is a really complex 1. Numerous surveies have purported that atomic arms no longer function an of import strategic intent for states such as the United States of America and Great Britain. Clausewitz stated that war and political relations were inextricably linked. So the differentiation between â€Å"political† and â€Å"military† viability of atomic arms is one without intending. Basically this implies that disincentive theory still works. at least between province histrions. After all. no atomic power has of all time been attacked by another province. and the same can’t be said about onslaughts by atomic powers on non-nuclear provinces. Although until ‘Global Zero’ ( which is the run to extinguish atomic arms from the Earth ) has reached their end. one would happen it difficult to state for certain that atomic arms were strategically disused. The fact that disincentive theory has worked so far does non intend it is ever traveling to work. We will write a custom essay sample on Are Nuclear Weapons Strategically Obsolete? Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As Robert McNamara said after the Cold War ‘it was luck that prevented the cold war’ non deterrence theory. McNamara carries on to stress how ‘rational persons came â€Å"that† near to entire devastation of their societies†¦ a hair’s breath off. ’ With this statement in head one must look favourably on the point of view that atomic arms are non strategically disused whilst they are still accessible. because human judgement will ever play a portion. The fright of atomic desolation has so far created peace and prevented a 3rd universe war. Rather than arms of war. strategic arms are going arms of bullying used to act upon political and strategic results. The existent likeliness of a atomic payload being used becomes slender by the twenty-four hours. with non-proliferation pacts. runs such as ‘Ground Zero’ and ordinances on transporting atomic arms going stricter and stricter. The publication of a volume edited by Bernard Brodie. The Absolute Weapon: Atomic Power and World Order. in 1946 marked the first systematic effort by specializers in international dealingss to believe through the political and strategic deductions of the atomic age. Brodie argued that atomic arms had made entire war obsolete and that U. S. military scheme from so on would hold to stress disincentive: â€Å"Thus far the main intent of our military constitution has been to win wars. From now on its main intent must be to debar them. It can hold about no other utile purpose† . Nuclear disincentive is the most effectual manner of forestalling the usage of atomic arms at the minute. Blasting depicts the impression of atomic disincentive highly good ; he emphasizes how atomic missiles give states the potency to non merely destruct their enemies but humanity itself without pulling immediate reprisal because of the deficiency of a imaginable defence system and the velocity with which atomic arms can be deployed. A nation’s believable menace of such terrible harm empowers their disincentive policies and fuels political coercion and military dead end. which in bend can bring forth proxy warfare. Mutually Assured Destruction is a awful construct but non insane. and back in the yearss when the Soviet brotherhood wanted to rule the universe and were equipped to destruct the west’s major metropoliss. merely the near-guarantee that it excessively provided the West with security. An illustration is the fact that the Soviet Union weren’t able to take out British atomic capablenesss within one work stoppage. which would hold made a work stoppage about suicidal. However the world now is that Britain is non an independent hindrance. Britain relies on its engineering from the United States and hence does non hold an effectual independent disincentive. Britain’s independent hindrance being uneffective is non an issue though ; the fact that Britain has atomic support from the U. S. is sufficed to forestall an onslaught. This disincentive from Britain and America does do atomic war far less likely due to the effects at interest. possibly about disused as it is improbable that anyone would desire to take such an tremendous hazard ; nevertheless one has to take into history that we are human. worlds can do roseola determinations and we have come so close to atomic devastation before that for one to state atomic arms are disused would be foolish. Today the United States of America still possess about 1. 300 tactical atomic arms. including about 480 bombs deployed on NATO military bases deployed in Belgium. Germany. Italy. the Netherlands. Turkey and the United Kingdom. In response Russia is estimated to possess at least 3. 000 of these by and large smaller. portable. but still annihilating arms. It merely takes a fifteen-minute qui vive and the determination by one homo being at the touch of the button in the U. S. to deploy 100s of atomic payloads. Surely with still such a big figure of atomic arms still easy accessible. they can non be strategically disused. Robert McNamara says. â€Å"It was luck that prevented atomic war† . He continues: â€Å"At the terminal we lucked out. It was luck that prevented atomic war†¦ . Rational persons came that near to entire devastation of their societies. And that danger exists today. The major lesson of the Cuban missile crisis is this: the indefinite combination of human fallibility and atomic arms will destruct nations† . In the terminal maybe it was disincentive theory that won out. but from McNamara’s position this was non the instance. McNamara mentioned in his Fog of War Interview that if it hadn’t have been for John F Kennedy’s personal adjutant Tommy Thompson who was former U. S. embassador to Moscow. Kennedy would hold crushed Cuba and therefore ended any signifier of atomic hindrance that preexisted. Merely perfect defences can function the bend of doing strategic missiles obsolete. and it is questionable whether or non the perfect defence is technologically realistic. Even if the perfect defence system was technologically were achieved. can it be politically realistic to near this end while keeping an effectual hindrance at the same clip? For no party that thinks itself dependent upon its hindrance can afford to let the point of obsolescence to be reached. It’s non every bit simple as making a point where American defences can overreach Soviet capacities for an onslaught ; nor even the point at which they can overreach any future alterations in Soviet capacities for onslaught. It a inquiry of making a point where defensive capablenesss ( as a category ) can overreach any violative capablenesss ( as a category ) including those held merely by Americans. for what America had today for illustration the Soviet may hold tomorrow. It is about certain that this point will neer be reached. every bit long as research is in the custodies of a state that professes dependance upon its disincentive policy. Offensive arms can be made disused by defence engineering merely if those who control the gait and way of technological research let them to be. but given that technological developments in the defence plan will besides feed offense engineering. it is improbable that this will of all time happen under a deterrence-orientated state. As Oliver O’Donovan said ‘the will to loosen up the guard of disincentive is the presupposition of it obsolescence non the effect of it’ . Proposing that whilst atomic defence engineering can non supply complete protection against the most powerful atomic payloads. the thought of strategically disused atomic arms is still a long shooting. Disincentive is frequently seen as the chief statement in favor of the impression that atomic missiles are disused. For illustration if Iran gained atomic capableness. purportedly â€Å"deterrence† would halt Iran presenting as a menace. because they understand that they would come off worse or in an every bit annihilating state of affairs. However this hindrance is easy bypassed if Iran used a foster panic group as the agencies of presenting a atomic arm in an American metropolis. Former Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara argued that if the US were attacked with atomic arms from terrorists. for illustration. what good would our atomic arsenal be? â€Å"We could non utilize it† he was quoted as stating. Deterrence surely didn’t seem an issue for Fidel Castro who was purportedly a â€Å"rational† adult male. when he recommended to Nikita Khrushchev to utilize atomic force against the U. S. . cognizing that Cuba would hold been obliterated had the Soviet U nion taken action. Clearly if â€Å"rational† leaders have come so close to â€Å"pressing the ruddy button† . so it is non unconceivable that in the hereafter a debacle such as the Cuban Missile Crisis could stop in in Mutually Assured Destruction. Strategic analysts such as Herman Kahn in the sixtiess and Colin Gray in the 1970s and 1980s rejected the whole impression of an â€Å"absolute arm. † Kahn and Gray contended that even large-scale atomic warfare between the two world powers was non â€Å"unthinkable† . They did admit that atomic arms may take to greater cautiousness on the portion of policymakers. but they stressed that this did non intend that the opportunity of war was zero. On the contrary. Kahn and Gray argued. there was a possibility that atomic war would interrupt out. and therefore they believed that U. S. policymakers must be prepared to contend such a war and to win it. Even though this is a somewhat extremist position. it is non â€Å"unthinkable† that a atomic war may interrupt out with North Korea. particularly with a new and naive leader. or Iran with tensenesss in the Middle East everlastingly lifting. However. the chief atomic menace does look to stay with terrorists groups. merely because revenge would turn out to be about impossible. Nuclear disincentive has worked successfully for a important period of clip. with merely a few fortunes where any atomic menace appeared probably. Clearly this implies that atomic disincentive along with the impression of atomic tabu have really much limited possible usage of atomic arms. However to see them strategically obsolete it naive. the menace of atomic arms plays a monolithic function in political stand-offs in modern society. and possibly more wars would hold been fought if it wasn’t for these atomic capablenesss. One thing is for certain. is that whilst 1000s of atomic missiles are still in the custodies of leaders around the Earth. they remain a strategic arm. It is non â€Å"unthinkable† that atomic arms could be used in the hereafter. particularly when human judgement plays a cardinal function. Bibliography: 1. Bernstein. J. . ‘Is Nuclear Deterrence Obsolete? ’ . The New York Review of Books. April 29th 2010. 2. Brodie. B. . The Absolute Weapon: Atomic Power and World Order ( Yale University Press: 1946 ) . P. 5. 3. Barry Buzan and Eric Herring. The Arms Dynamic in World Politics. 1998. ch. 4. 4. Huessey. P. . ‘Are atomic arms truly going obsolete? ’ . Family Security Matters. October 5th 2010. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. familysecuritymatters. org/publications/id. 7553/pub_detail. asp. Accessed 20/03/2012. 5. Joyner. J. ‘A World Without Nuclear Weapons’ . Outside the Beltway. Friday. March 5th. 2005. 6. Kimball. D. G. ‘Obsolete Relics of a Dead Conflict’ . Weaponries Control Today. Novemebr 2004. 7. Luke. T. W. ( 1989 ) â€Å"‘What’s Incorrect with Deterrence? ’ A Semiotic Interpretation of National Security Policy. † in J. Der Derian and M. J. Shapiro ( explosive detection systems. ) . International/ Intertextual Relations: Postmodernist Readings of World Politics. ( New York: Lexington Books ) . 8. O’Donovan. O. . ‘Hope for a M. A. D. World? ’ . Third Way. Vol. 9. No. 9. September 1986. P. 22. 9. ‘Michael Portillo on Gordon Brown’s atomic hindrance policy’ for The Sunday Times. 25 June 2006. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. michaelportillo. co. uk/articles/art_nipress/nukes. htm. Acessed20/03/2012. 10. hypertext transfer protocol: //science. jrank. org/pages/10503/Nuclear-Age-Contending-Ideas-about-Nuclear-Weapons. html† gt ; Nuclear Age – Contending Ideas About Nuclear Weapons lt ; /a gt ; . Accessed 21/03/2012. 11. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=ZES8e4P1IzM- Accessed 20/03/2012. ——————————————–[ 1 ] . hypertext transfer protocol: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=ZES8e4P1IzM- Accessed 20/03/2012 [ 2 ] . Brodie. B. . The Absolute Weapon: Atomic Power and World Order ( Yale University Press: 1946 ) . P. 5. [ 3 ] . Article by Michael Portillo on Gordon Brown’s atomic hindrance policy for The Sunday Times. 25 June 2006. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. michaelportillo. co. uk/articles/art_nipress/nukes. htm. Acessed 20/03/2012. [ 4 ] . Bernstein. J. . ‘Is Nuclear Deterrence Obsolete? ’ . The New York Review of Books. April 29th 2010. [ 5 ] . Barry Buzan and Eric Herring. The Arms Dynamic in World Politics. 1998. ch. 4. [ 6 ] . Kimball. D. G. ‘Obsolete Relics of a Dead Conflict’ . Weaponries Control Today. Novemebr 2004. [ 7 ] . hypertext transfer protocol: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=ZES8e4P1IzM- Accessed 20/03/2012 [ 8 ] . Ibd . Acessed 20/03/2012 [ 9 ] . O’Donovan. O. . ‘Hope for a M. A. D. World? ’ . Third Way. Vol. 9. No. 9. September 1986. P. 22. [ 10 ] . Ibid. p. 22.[ 11 ] . Ibid. p. 23.[ 12 ] . Huessey. P. . ‘Are atomic arms truly going obsolete? ’ . Family Security Matters. October 5th 2010. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. familysecuritymatters. org/publications/id. 7553/pub_detail. asp. Accessed 20/03/2012. [ 13 ] . Ibid. [ 14 ] . Luke. T. W. ( 1989 ) â€Å"‘What’s Incorrect with Deterrence? ’ A Semiotic Interpretation ofNational Security Policy. † in J. Der Derian and M. J. Shapiro ( explosive detection systems. ) .International/Intertextual Relationss: Postmodern Readings of World Politics.( New York: Lexington Books ) . p. 229.[ 15 ] . hypertext transfer protocol: //science. jrank. org/pages/10503/Nuclear-Age-Contending-Ideas-about-Nuclear-Weapons. html† gt ; Nuclear Age – Contending Ideas About Nuclear Weapons.

The witch-hunt in Early Modern England Essay Example

The witch The witch-hunt in Early Modern England Paper The witch-hunt in Early Modern England Paper There has been long established belief about witchcraft, which has never been disputed. The belief in maleficium, which is the practice of harmful magic, has been entrenched in popular belief since before the Middle Ages. However, the idea of diabolism didnt really arise in English popular fear, because there was no specific torture involved in the prosecution of witches in England. With European elements, such as diabolism and Sabbath missing, it can be assumed by the process of elimination that the English public themselves were at the heart of the witch-hunts and this was down to superstition mainly, although the witch-hunt was multi-causal. The first piece of literature that provided information on the witchcraft on a large scale on witchcraft was the Malleus Maleficarum. It was first published in 1486 and was written by two Dominican monks, Heinrich Kramer and Jacob Sprenger. It defined the crimes of a witch, but it didnt include diabolism, which was to make a pact with the devil. However, there was no English translation of the Malleus until modern times, and therefore this shows why European ideas may have been very slow to take effect on the English people. Also literacy in England was very low and the only real way of European ideas reaching England, would have been the elite, who were not really that keen to promote witch-hunts on the basis of diabolism. Therefore the accusers of a witch could not try her solely on suspicion and in England more evidence was required for proceedings to go ahead. This meant that in England there wee less cases of witchcraft of witchcraft and lower conviction rates than compared to Europe. In England, there were no legal reforms like the ones in Europe. If a person was accused of a crime, the lay-jury would intiate the proceedings and the trial jury would dwell over the facts, and the judge focussed at the evidence, before making decision. It was an accusatorial system in England, where victims had to prove the crime had been committed and provide witnesses, who were themselves open to prosecution if the accuse was acquitted. There was no legal excuse for the use of torture and therefore it was difficult to extract confessions, from the witches about their activities. This way the idea of diabolism never really penetrated the mind of the English people, and maleficium remained the main crime of performing witchcraft. In 1468, the Papacy ruled that witchcraft was a crimen exceptum, which means an exceptional crime. This legalised the use of torture and basically permitted the use of any methods to deal with the witchcraft crimes. However, King Henry VIII had broken away from the Roman Catholic Church and had formed the Church of England. This meant that the ideas were being devised by the Papacys intellectuals for prosecution, were not implemented in the English legal system and witchcraft was not an exceptional crime in England. In England, witchcraft for most people was still an activity, which was doing harm to others by supernatural means and so it wasnt heresy. The Acts of Parliaments verify this, when the first two statutes were passed. In 1542m it was made a felony to conjure spirits or to practice witchcraft, in order to find treasure along with other activities. The Act clearly treated the crime of witchcraft as consisting in positive acts of hostility against the community, rather than forming relations with the devil. The first act was repealed and a second statute was passed in 1563. The second statute was more severe in punishment and using maleficium for any means was a serious offence. The level of the offence depended on how seriously the victim was injured. However, in the third witchcraft statute in 1604, there was some element of Continental belief. It was felony to perform maleficum that resulted in anyones death and it also banned evil spirits. On of the reasons that the third statute, included diabolism was because of Englands monarch, James I, who was Scottish and had Continental view on witchcraft. The statute was repealed in 1736 and this showed how far English Law on witchcraft could go, in order to be aligned with Continental doctrines. The English witch-hunt claimed very few lives, compared to the rest of Europe, but it does have some statistics to be aware of and one of the reasons was Mathew Hopkins. He was professional witch-hunter, who assisted in the prosecution of many cases. In 1645, under his influence, there were sixteen people convicted for entertaining evil spirits, but seven of them were accused of killing other people. The Essex Circuit had 492 indictments for maleficium and eighteen were for entertaining evil spirits, which were influenced by Hopkins. English judges, such as Sir Robert Filmer, said that the were unlikely to condemn, unless murder was involved. The only notable exception to this practice was during Hopkinss campaign. Between 1645 and 1647, some 200 people were most likely to have been convicted, because of Hopkinss assistance. During the late sixteenth and seventh centuries, the courts were slowly treating cases along the Continental lines. This was due to the fact, that when an allegation of maleficium reached the courts it could easily be turned into one of devil worship and it was easier for the prosecution if there was a clear confession of a link with the devil. However, despite the increasing bias in the courts, the popular concept of witchcraft was restricted to maleficium. Therefore the judicial machinery was gradually becoming available, but there seemed to have been no desire by either the Church or people to take advantage of it.

Explain the main aspects of the development of the chinese legal Essay

Explain the main aspects of the development of the chinese legal system since 1978 - Essay Example Since Chinese government did not impose any restrictions and policies to control the problems, there was no sign of legal excellence. This in turn led to legal battles between China and Western countries. The Western countries followed the Colonialism and the legal system of China could not manage the legal battle. The traditional system of law and its associated principles was considered to be ineffective, as the country could win against any of the well developed countries. This led to a situation where the people and the government thought of reforming the legal system. Chinese Legal System The Chinese judicial and legal system was dependent on the political and economic influence of the country. Reorganizing the legal system seemed to be a tedious task, as the traditional system was considered as the better option. The central government and the associated departments relied on the magistrate who would handle the legal issues and judiciary problems. The idea of implementing a new legal system was not preferred, as the impact of the old system was high. Though the centralized approach followed by the Chinese government was not favorable, the government officials were hesitant to impose a new legal policy. Development of Chinese Legal System The Cultural Revolution created a great impact on the Chinese government. Due to this, the Chinese government and the political leaders decided to restructure and reconstruct the country’s legal and judicial system. The initial stages of the Chinese government did not exhibit much of a development and this was also one among the reason why the political leaders preferred to modify the legal system. (USaid, 2004).The Chinese leaders played the major role in redefining the legal and judicial system. The positive aspects of the leadership contributed to the implementation of a flawless system. The leaders and the government realized that mere modification of the legal system will not be effective and efficient. (He, 2 007).This enabled them to include the social and economic factors of the country. Since the reformation of social and economic factors could help them improve the legal system, the government revived the idea of a new legal system. The new legal system was then born in the country of China by rebuilding the laws and judiciary boards. Legal institutions also went through a complete makeover and the country’s legal system was more effective than the one followed during the 1950’s. The market economy was reformed and the country looked forward to a drastic growth on the economic front too. (Zou, 2006). Other countries in the world looked upon China’s legal system as one of the most effective systems. From then China played a major role in the international economic market and the global economy. The import and export rate rose enormously and this helped the country to improve in almost all the fields. The share market also improved as the country gave rise to many industries. The industrial growth was a result of the economic improvement. (Lapres & Yuejiao, 2010). The legal issues involved in the import and export was resolved as the new system included features that would enable hassle free trading. The development of Chinese legal system was enormous as the country had a rapid growth in terms of the social economic market. The success was the result of the